Starlink satellites exchange petabytes of data per day through space laser links
Using the laser system to directly beam the internet to the surface is an entirely different matter
You don't have to use magnetism or electrical charge to store data. It can be done using light, or more rather, the reflection of it. Okay, if you want to be really specific, it's done using the interference of infrared and visible electromagnetic waves, but let's not worry too much about that!